Asbestos fibers can cling to the soles of shoes if you walk through contaminated areas. This poses a risk as the fibers can later be inhaled and cause serious health problems. Here’s what you need to know about asbestos on shoes and how to stay safe.
Why Asbestos Fibers Stick to Shoes
Asbestos is a naturally occurring fibrous mineral that was commonly used as insulation and fireproofing in buildings until the 1970s. When old buildings containing asbestos are renovated or demolished, tiny asbestos fibers are released into the air and can settle onto surfaces, including the ground.
These microscopic fibers can cling to the soles and tread of shoes as you walk through contaminated areas. The fibers stick due to static electricity and moisture on the soles. The grooves and texture of shoes also provide places for the jagged asbestos fibers to lodge.
Dangers of Asbestos Fibers on Shoes
Asbestos is a known carcinogen. Inhaling or ingesting the microscopic fibers can lead to serious diseases like mesothelioma, lung cancer, and asbestosis decades later. Even small amounts are dangerous.
When asbestos fibers are stuck to the bottom of shoes, they can later get kicked up into the air where they can be inhaled. They can also be tracked into homes and buildings, spreading contamination.
Protecting Yourself from Asbestos on Shoes
Here are some tips to avoid exposure from asbestos fibers clinging to shoes:
Avoid walking through areas known to be contaminated with asbestos, such as construction or demolition sites of older buildings.
Wear disposable shoe covers when entering potentially contaminated areas.
Leave your shoes outside when entering your home after being in an area that may contain asbestos.
Wash work shoes frequently to remove any fibers.
Wet wipe shoes before entering your vehicle to avoid tracking in fibers.
Have shoes professionally cleaned at an asbestos remediation company if highly contaminated.
Asbestos Exposure FAQ
How are you exposed to asbestos?
The main ways people are exposed are inhaling asbestos fibers in the air or ingesting fibers. This can happen when asbestos-containing materials are disturbed, releasing fibers that can be inhaled or swallowed. It can also occur when asbestos on clothing, shoes, or other objects creates dust that gets in the air.
What are the symptoms of asbestos exposure?
There are often no immediate symptoms. Asbestos-related diseases like mesothelioma can take 10-50 years to develop after exposure. When symptoms do occur, they include shortness of breath, a persistent cough, chest pain, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue.
Is there a safe level of asbestos exposure?
There is no known safe level of asbestos exposure. That’s why it’s so critical to prevent any exposure in the first place. Even small amounts can potentially cause health issues down the road.
Can asbestos exposure be fatal?
Yes, asbestos exposure can lead to deadly diseases. The two main causes of asbestos-related deaths are mesothelioma and lung cancer. The prognosis for these diseases is poor, so preventing exposure is critical.
Should I get tested for asbestos exposure?
There is no general screening test for asbestos exposure. Doctors may order imaging tests like CT scans or MRIs if you have symptoms of an asbestos-related disease. The best step is to prevent any exposure in the first place.
Can asbestos cause cancer?
Yes, asbestos is a known carcinogen. Inhaling asbestos fibers can cause lung cancer and mesothelioma, a rare cancer of the lining of the lungs and abdomen.
Is there a cure for asbestos poisoning?
There is no cure for diseases caused by asbestos, like mesothelioma. Treatment focuses on slowing the progression of the disease and managing symptoms. Again, this highlights the importance of preventing any exposure in the first place.
Air purifiers can be an effective way to reduce pet dander in your home. Pet dander is made up of tiny flakes of skin and hair that pets shed. It’s a common allergen that can trigger allergy and asthma symptoms. Using an air purifier to filter out dander particles from the air can provide relief for those sensitive to it.
How Air Purifiers Work on Pet Dander
Air purifiers use filters to capture airborne particles like pet dander. Most models use a few different filter types:
Pre-filter: Catches larger particles like hair and lint.
HEPA filter: Traps tiny particles like dander that are 0.3 microns or larger.
Activated carbon filter: Absorbs odors and chemical fumes.
By cycling air through these filters, air purifiers can continuously remove dander from the environment. This helps reduce allergen levels that may trigger reactions.
Tips for Using Air Purifiers for Pet Dander
To get the most out of your air purifier for pet dander, follow these tips:
Choose a HEPA filter: HEPA filtration is a must for trapping tiny dander particles.
Get the right size: Match the room size guidelines for optimal air cleaning.
Run it continuously: Keep the air purifier running all the time in main rooms.
Use high fan speeds: When dander is high, use the highest fan setting.
Supplement with vacuuming: Vacuum furniture to remove dander from surfaces.
Replace filters regularly: Stick to the manufacturer’s schedule for replacing filters.
Use in bedrooms: Having an air purifier in the bedroom can help minimize nighttime allergy symptoms.
The Benefits of Using an Air Purifier for Pet Allergies
Here are some of the top benefits of using an air purifier to reduce pet dander exposure:
Fewer allergy symptoms: Lower dander levels can decrease sneezing, itchy eyes, congestion, etc.
Better sleep: Cleaner bedroom air prevents nighttime allergy disruptions.
Less medication needed: Some find they rely less on allergy meds when using an air purifier.
Cleaner air overall: Dander removal improves general indoor air quality.
Odor reduction: Many air purifiers also eliminate pet odors.
Portability: You can move portable air purifiers easily between rooms.
For people with known pet allergies, using an air purifier can make a significant difference in managing allergy symptoms at home. It’s an effective way to reduce exposure to airborne dander particles in areas pets frequent.
Frequently Asked Questions
How well do air purifiers work for pet dander?
High-quality HEPA air purifiers are very effective at removing pet dander from the air. They can eliminate over 99% of dander particles when used properly.
Where should I place an air purifier for pet dander?
Ideally, place air purifiers in rooms where your pets spend the most time, like the living room, bedroom, and areas with carpet. Also put one in the room where the litter box is kept.
Will an air purifier completely eliminate pet allergies?
For some people severely allergic, air purifiers alone may not resolve all symptoms. But they can still significantly reduce allergen exposure and provide substantial symptom relief in most cases.
How often should I change filters on an air purifier for pets?
Most brands recommend changing the HEPA filter about every 6-12 months with average use. Pre-filters that catch hair and lint will likely need changing more often, like every 3-6 months.
Do I need a special air purifier for pet dander?
You don’t necessarily need a special “pet” model. However, look for an air purifier with a true HEPA filter, high CADR ratings, and designed for rooms your pet spends time in.
Where should I place the air purifier in my bedroom?
Put the air purifier close to the bed for maximum benefit, preferably on your side if only one person has pet allergies. This lets you breathe cleaner air throughout the night.
Should I run an air purifier all the time for pets?
Yes, it’s ideal to run the air purifier continuously in rooms where your pets spend time. This maintains constant dander removal from the air as it’s shed.
Do HEPA air purifiers really work? The truth revealed
HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) air purifiers can be highly effective at removing harmful particles from the air when used properly. HEPA filters are designed to capture 99.97% of particles sized 0.3 microns or larger, including dust, pollen, mold spores, bacteria, and more. Here’s a closer look at how HEPA air purifiers work and why they can make a real difference in indoor air quality.
How HEPA Air Purifiers Work
HEPA air purifiers draw air through a fine mesh filter that traps particles as air passes through. The filters have dense folds of fiberglass or synthetic material that particles cannot penetrate. As air is forced through these tightly packed layers, particles are captured on the fibers.
Only air purifiers certified to meet strict HEPA standards can remove 99.97% of 0.3-micron particles in a single pass. True HEPA filters exceed the 300 Grade standard defined by the Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology.
Why Size Matters
HEPA filters are designed to capture the smallest particles that can be inhaled deep into the lungs. Research shows that exposure to fine particulate matter 2.5 microns or smaller (PM2.5) poses the greatest health risks.
PM2.5 refers to particles 30 times smaller than the width of a human hair. These minuscule particles can slip past our body’s defenses and penetrate deep into the lungs, entering the bloodstream. HEPA filtration targets these harmful tiny particles.
Effectiveness for Allergies and Asthma
HEPA air purifiers excel at removing allergens like pollen, mold spores, pet dander, and dust mites. By eliminating these triggers from the air, HEPA filters can provide relief for allergy and asthma sufferers.
A study published in the Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology demonstrated that HEPA air cleaners dramatically reduced asthma symptoms for children sensitive to dust mites. The air purifiers lowered asthma medication use by 79%.
Capturing Viruses, Bacteria, and More
In addition to allergens and asthma triggers, HEPA filters capture airborne viruses, bacteria, smoke, and other bioaerosols. HEPA air purifiers installed in hospitals have been shown to reduce infections in high-risk areas.
During wildfires or in areas with high pollution, HEPA filters can remove hazardous fine particles from smoke and smog. The ultra-fine particle trapping abilities make these filters helpful for protecting indoor air quality.
Considerations for Effectiveness
To realize the full benefits of HEPA filtration, consider these factors:
Room size – Choose an appropriately sized unit for the room.
Air changes per hour (ACH) – Look for a clean air delivery rate (CADR) that will filter the room’s air at least 2-4 times per hour.
Proper maintenance – Replace filters as needed to maintain performance.
Whole-home systems – For maximum air purification, install HEPA filters in central HVAC systems.
The Bottom Line
HEPA air purifiers absolutely can make a noticeable difference in removing allergens, pollutants, viruses, and ultrafine particles from the air when properly matched to room size and well maintained. By trapping the smallest respirable particles, HEPA filters can significantly improve indoor air quality.
FAQ
What is a HEPA filter?
HEPA stands for high-efficiency particulate air. HEPA filters are designed to remove 99.97% of particles 0.3 microns or larger from the air that passes through.
How small of particles can HEPA filters remove?
HEPA filters are effective at capturing particles as small as 0.3 microns. This includes dust, pollen, pet dander, mold spores, bacteria, viruses, and fine particulate matter from smoke and pollution.
Are HEPA filters better than regular filters?
Yes, HEPA filters are far superior to conventional filters. Only true HEPA filters certified to stringent standards can remove 99.97% of the most penetrating particle size of 0.3 microns.
Can HEPA filters protect against COVID-19?
Studies show HEPA filters capture over 99% of the tiny droplets that may contain SARS-CoV-2 virus particles. Portable HEPA air purifiers can help reduce airborne transmission risks.
How often should you replace a HEPA filter?
HEPA filters should be replaced every 12-18 months for optimal performance. Check manufacturer recommendations, as replace frequency varies by model.
Do HEPA filters use a lot of electricity?
HEPA air purifiers vary in energy use from 30 watts for small units up to 500+ watts for large, high-power models. Look for ENERGY STAR certified models for efficiency.
Can HEPA filters remove VOCs?
HEPA filters do not effectively remove VOCs (volatile organic compounds). To reduce VOCs, look for models with activated carbon or other gas-phase filtration.
If your dog smells like sour milk, there could be a few reasons for this unpleasant odor. Here are some potential causes and solutions for a dog that smells like sour milk:
Diet
One of the most common reasons a dog smells like sour milk is their diet. Dogs that eat food with a high fat content or consume table scraps with dairy can develop an odor. Switching to a high-quality dog food formulated for your dog’s age and activity level can help reduce body odors.
Skin Fold Infections
Breeds with lots of skin folds and wrinkles like Bulldogs, Pugs, and Shar-Peis are prone to developing skin fold dermatitis. Moisture and debris trapped in the folds can cause a secondary yeast or bacterial infection. This can make your dog smell like sour milk. Keeping the folds clean and dry is important.
Anal Gland Issues
A dog’s anal glands can cause foul odors if they become impacted or infected. The glands may need to be expressed by a veterinarian or groomer. Sometimes medications or diet changes are needed. Anal gland issues are a common cause of a sour milk smell.
Ear Infections
Chronic ear infections are common in dogs and can cause a terrible odor. Yeast and bacteria buildup in the ears and ear canals emits a sour, yeasty smell resembling sour milk. Cleaning and medications may be needed to clear up the infection.
Dental Disease
Periodontal disease is extremely common in dogs. Bacteria cause plaque and tartar buildup, leading to inflamed gums and tooth decay. This can make your dog’s breath smell rancid like sour milk. Daily tooth brushing and professional cleanings can prevent dental disease.
Skunk Spray
If your dog was skunked, the lingering smell can be hard to remove entirely. Skunk spray has a strong, sour, acrid odor that sticks to hair and skin. Thorough bathing with de-skunking shampoo is required.
How to Get Rid of Sour Milk Smell
Here are some tips for getting rid of a sour milk odor in dogs:
Give your dog a bath with a high-quality shampoo
Clean skin folds thoroughly
Have the vet evaluate anal glands and ears
Brush your dog’s teeth daily
Feed a high-quality diet
Use water additives to improve coat health
Diffuse essential oils like lemon, peppermint, or eucalyptus
When to See the Vet
Make an appointment with your veterinarian if:
The smell persists after bathing
Your dog is constantly scooting, licking, or biting the rear end
You see discharge, swelling, or redness of the skin, ears, or rear end
Your dog is acting lethargic or ill
A sour milk odor may indicate an underlying health problem needing treatment. Catching infections early improves the chances of curing it.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why does my dog suddenly smell like sour milk?
Sudden onset of a sour milk smell may indicate a new health problem like an ear or skin infection. Have your vet examine your dog.
Are yeast infections in dogs common?
Yes, yeast overgrowth is very common in dogs. It thrives in moist, dark environments like ears, skin folds, armpits, and paws.
Can I add anything to my dog’s food to reduce odor?
Adding supplements like probiotics, omega fatty acids, and digestive enzymes to your dog’s meals can improve digestion and reduce odors.
What shampoos help eliminate odor in dogs?
Veterinary formula shampoos like HyLyt and DermAllay work well for smelly dogs. Look for soothing oatmeal, micellar water, and deodorizing ingredients.
Should I change my dog’s diet if they smell bad?
Yes, switching to a high-quality dog food designed for your dog’s needs may reduce odors. Avoid cheap foods with fillers that are hard to digest.
Can I use essential oils on my smelly dog?
Yes, dilute essential oils like lavender, lemon, peppermint, and tea tree in a carrier oil. Use sparingly and avoid the eyes, nose, and genitals.
When should I see a vet for bad dog odor?
Make an appointment if odor persists after bathing, you see skin changes, discharge, or swelling, or your dog seems ill.
A dehumidifier is an essential appliance for controlling moisture levels in damp basements. Here’s how a dehumidifier works to reduce humidity and prevent mold growth in basement spaces:
The Refrigeration Process
A dehumidifier works by pulling moist air over a set of cold coils, which causes the moisture to condense and drip into a collection tank. The refrigeration process works like this:
A fan pulls air from the room over a set of cold evaporator coils, which are part of a sealed refrigeration system.
When the warm, moist air contacts the cold coils, the moisture condenses and drips into a collection tank.
The now dehumidified air is reheated and circulated back into the room, while the water collects in the tank for easy disposal.
How Moisture is Removed
The key to a dehumidifier’s operation is cooling the air below its dew point. Here’s a more in-depth look at the dehumidification process:
Air contains water vapor which exerts a pressure called vapor pressure. The more water vapor, the higher the vapor pressure.
When air is cooled, its capacity to hold water vapor decreases. The temperature at which condensation occurs is called the dew point.
By cooling air below its dew point, water vapor condenses from the air onto the cold coils as liquid water.
This lowering of vapor pressure reduces the relative humidity of the air.
Dehumidifier Capacity
Dehumidifier capacity refers to the amount of moisture it can remove from the air in a given period, usually measured in pints per day. Capacity depends on:
Coil surface area – More coil surface area allows more moisture condensation.
Airflow rate – More airflow exposes more air to the coils.
Basement size – Required capacity increases with basement square footage.
Outside air humidity – More moisture in the air requires more dehumidification.
Choosing a model with suitable capacity for your basement’s conditions is key to effectively controlling humidity.
Maintenance Tips
To keep a basement dehumidifier operating at peak efficiency:
Frequently empty the collection tank and clean any filters.
Clean dust and debris from the coils with a brush or vacuum.
Make sure the air intake and exhaust are clear of obstructions.
Have the refrigerant charge checked by an HVAC technician annually.
Proper dehumidifier maintenance helps ensure moisture levels are properly controlled and basements remain dry and comfortable.
FAQ
What size dehumidifier do I need for my basement?
Choose a dehumidifier that can extract at least 10-12 pints of water per 1000 square feet of basement space. Larger capacity is better for very damp basements.
Where should the dehumidifier be placed?
Place the dehumidifier in the dampest part of the basement, at least 6-8 inches from walls. Make sure it has room for air intake and is level for proper drainage.
How do I drain a dehumidifier automatically?
Use a condensate pump or gravity drain kit to automatically drain the dehumidifier into a sink or floor drain rather than emptying the tank.
What humidity level should my basement be?
Ideal humidity range for basements is around 45-50%. Higher than 60% can cause mold/mildew growth.
How much electricity does a basement dehumidifier use?
A typical 50-pint dehumidifier uses around 350-500 watts. Running it 24/7 costs $30-40 per month depending on electricity rates.
What’s the difference between a compressor and desiccant dehumidifier?
Compressor models remove moisture using cold coils. Desiccant types use material that adsorbs water vapor from the air.
Should I get a smart dehumidifier for my basement?
Smart dehumidifiers with humidistats and app controls maintain ideal humidity automatically. They prevent over-drying and save energy.
In Summary
Dehumidifiers control humidity in damp basements by condensing water vapor from the air as it passes over chilled coils. Proper sizing, placement, maintenance and settings optimize the ability to prevent mold and mildew growth. Smart humidistat controls provide added convenience and efficiency. When shopping for a dehumidifier, be sure to consider your specific basement conditions and moisture issues.
Ionized air purifiers have become increasingly popular in recent years as people look for ways to improve the air quality in their homes. While these devices do help reduce dust, dander, and other pollutants, some studies suggest they may also create potentially harmful byproducts. In this in-depth article, we’ll examine the side effects of ionized air purifiers and help you make an informed decision about using one in your home.
How Ionized Air Purifiers Work
Ionized air purifiers use a process called corona discharge to charge airborne particles with negative ions. These charged particles then cling to surfaces like walls, floors, curtains, and tabletops, causing the particles to drop out of the air. This can quickly reduce the number of irritants like dust and pet dander floating in the indoor air.
To generate these ions, ionized purifiers use thin electrically charged plates which alter the charge of air molecules as they pass by. The now charged negative ions then exit the purifier and attach themselves to the pollutant particles.
The Benefits of Ionized Air Purifiers
There are several potential benefits that make ionized air purifiers popular:
They efficiently remove very small particles from the air, including some viruses and bacteria.
They can quickly improve perceived air quality as particles drop out of the air rapidly.
They do not require expensive HEPA filters that need regular replacement.
They are often inexpensive to purchase compared to other types of air purifiers.
For people who want an affordable way to reduce airborne allergens and particles, ionized purifiers can seem like an excellent solution.
Potential Ionized Air Purifier Side Effects
However, ionized air purifiers also have some significant drawbacks and potential side effects that consumers should be aware of.
Ozone Generation
One major concern is that some ionized purifiers produce ozone gas, a lung irritant that can cause multiple symptoms. Ozone is created as a byproduct of the ionization process. While inhaling small amounts of ozone likely won’t cause noticeable issues in most people, prolonged exposure can create the following problems:
Chest pain, coughing, and shortness of breath
Reduced lung function
Aggravation of conditions like asthma and bronchitis
Increased oxidative stress, which may accelerate aging and disease
Children, the elderly, and those with chronic respiratory conditions or weakened immune systems face the greatest risks from ozone exposure. Even in healthy adults, breathing ozone over time can potentially cause permanent lung damage.
Production of Ultrafine Particles
In addition to ozone, some research indicates ionizing purifiers also generate ultrafine particles that are small enough to penetrate deep into the lungs. These tiny particles then deposit in the airways and alveoli, potentially causing inflammation or other lung changes. Studies have linked long-term exposure to fine particulate matter with:
Declines in lung function
Development of asthma
Exacerbation of COPD
Increased respiratory infections
Higher risk of lung cancer
While more research is needed, these early findings suggest ionizing technology may create new indoor air pollution while reducing other particles. This unintended side effect could pose health risks, especially for sensitive groups.
Charged Particle Fallout
As mentioned earlier, ionized air purifiers work by charging particles which then cling to surfaces like walls, floors, and other objects. While this removes irritants from the air, it deposits them onto surfaces within a room.
Some studies have found this can significantly increase allergen exposure in a home. The charged particles hold very tightly to surfaces and objects, making them difficult to remove with casual cleaning. Vacuuming, dusting, and washing may not be enough to fully eliminate the layered deposits. So while the air seems cleaner, allergen exposure continues through regular contact with contaminated surfaces.
Safer Alternatives to Ionized Air Purifiers
Given the potential ionized air purifier side effects, many consumers understandably have concerns about using these devices. Fortunately, there are several effective and safer alternatives:
HEPA Air Purifiers
HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) filters can remove up to 99.97% of particles sized 0.3 microns and larger. This includes dust, pollen, pet dander, mold spores, bacteria, and some viruses. Unlike ionizers, HEPA purifiers use simple mechanical filtration that doesn’t generate any dangerous byproducts. They are highly effective at reducing both airborne particles and surface allergens in a space.
Activated Carbon Purifiers
Activated carbon filters adsorb gaseous pollutants like volatile organic compounds (VOCs), smoke, and fumes. Using a purifier with both HEPA and carbon filtration provides protection against particulate matter, gases, and odors. This dual approach helps ensure you’re breathing the cleanest air possible.
Photocatalytic Oxidation
Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) uses UV light along with a titanium dioxide coated filter to break down organic pollutants. PCO can destroy a wide range of gases, bacteria, viruses, and VOCs at the microscopic level through an oxidation reaction. Combining PCO with HEPA filtration offers comprehensive whole-home air purification.
Air purifiers using these alternative technologies have been shown to effectively clean the air without generating any concerning byproducts like ozone or ultrafine particles.
Recommendations for Safer Use
If you already own an ionized air purifier or are considering purchasing one, there are several steps you can take to reduce potential side effects:
Only run the ionizer when necessary – don’t leave it on 24/7.
Follow the manufacturer’s maintenance guidelines to keep the plates clean for lower ozone production.
Place the purifier away from areas where people spend a lot of time, like bedrooms.
Install an ozone detector to monitor levels.
Use the ionizer along with HEPA filtration to capture any particles generated.
Consider using an alternative purification technology instead.
Taking these precautions can help minimize exposure to ozone and any other byproducts produced by your ionized air purifier.
The Bottom Line
Ionized air purifiers certainly have benefits in terms of reducing airborne allergens and particles. However, the potential risks from ozone production, ultrafine particles, and surface contaminants have raised health concerns. There are safer, non-ionizing alternatives available that avoid these side effects. If you do choose an ionizer, take steps to reduce byproduct exposure, especially for vulnerable groups like children and those with respiratory conditions.
With a better understanding of the pros and cons, you can make an informed decision about the best air purification options for your home and health.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are ionized air purifiers bad for your health?
Some studies have raised concerns about potential adverse health effects from ionized air purifiers, especially for sensitive groups. Ozone and ultrafine particle production may cause issues when inhaled over long periods. Those with lung conditions should exercise caution with ionizers.
Do ionized air purifiers put out dirty electricity?
Ionizers may put out small amounts of electrostatic discharge or electromagnetic radiation. Whether this “dirty electricity” causes problems is still under investigation. The FDA has not found significant health effects but recommends keeping ionizers away from electronic medical devices.
Should you leave an ionized air purifier on all the time?
It’s best not to run ionized purifiers continuously – the longer they operate, the more ozone and particles may be generated. Use intermittent operation or an on/off timer. Also place the ionizer far from high-traffic areas to limit exposure.
Do ionized air purifiers produce carbon monoxide?
No, ionizers do not create carbon monoxide, which is an odorless gas produced by incomplete combustion. Ionized purifiers may generate ozone and ultrafine particles, but not carbon monoxide.
Can ionized air purifiers kill birds?
There are some reports of ionizers harming small birds like canaries. The high ozone levels may be toxic to birds in enclosed spaces. Keep ionizers away from birdcages and avoid use in rooms where birds live.
Do negative ions give you headaches?
Some people do report headaches, nausea, dizziness or fatigue from high exposure to negative ions. Manufacturers claim these symptoms will subside as your body acclimates. But negative effects may indicate you’re sensitive and should limit use.
Are ionized air purifiers worth the risk?
For most people, the potential risks of ozone exposure and lung irritation outweigh the benefits provided by ionizers. Safer non-ionizing alternatives like HEPA air purifiers provide cleaner air without side effects. Carefully consider if the risks are worth any perceived benefits.
For more information on air quality and home air purification, check out the EPA Guide to Air Cleaners.
How Big of an Air Purifier Do I Need? A Complete Guide
The size of the air purifier you need depends on the size of the room you want to purify. As a general rule, you’ll want an air purifier that can circulate air through the room’s volume at least 2-4 times per hour. Here’s a more detailed look at how to determine the right air purifier size for your space:
Step 1: Measure the Room’s Dimensions
First, measure the length, width, and height of the room in feet to determine its total volume in cubic feet. An easy formula is:
Length x Width x Height = Volume in cubic feet
For example, a room that’s 12 ft long x 10 ft wide with 8 ft ceilings would be:
12 x 10 x 8 = 960 cubic feet
Step 2: Find the ACH Rating
Next, look at the product specifications for the air purifier’s Air Changes per Hour (ACH) rating. This tells you how many times it can circulate the air in a given space per hour.
For smoke, allergens, and light odors, look for a minimum 2-4 ACH rating. For strong smells like cooking fumes or wildfire smoke, look for 4-6 ACH.
Step 3: Match Room Size to ACH
Match the room’s cubic footage to an air purifier with an appropriate ACH. Here are some general guidelines:
Room Size
Minimum ACH Needed
100 sq ft
2 ACH (can circulate 200 cu ft per hour)
200 sq ft
2 ACH (can circulate 400 cu ft per hour)
500 sq ft
4 ACH (can circulate 2,000 cu ft per hour)
1000 sq ft
4 ACH (can circulate 4,000 cu ft per hour)
For example, that 960 cu ft room from earlier would need an air purifier with at least a 4 ACH rating, able to circulate 3,840 cu ft per hour.
Other Considerations
Room layout, ceiling height, and the type of pollutant can also impact the ideal size:
Prioritize higher ACH for open floor plans
Tall ceilings may need stronger circulation
Cooking, wildfire smoke, and viruses need 4-6+ ACH
Getting the right air purifier size for your space ensures it can actually clean the air effectively. Oversized units will waste energy while undersized ones can’t fully purify the air.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Do multiple rooms need multiple air purifiers?
Yes, you’ll need one air purifier per room you want to purify. Air purifiers only filter air within a single enclosed space.
2. Where should I place the air purifier in a room?
Put the air purifier centrally in the room and at least a few feet from walls or other obstructions. Avoid corners or alcoves for maximum air circulation.
3. How do I measure a room’s cubic footage?
Measure the room’s length, width, and height in feet then multiply them together to get cubic footage. An online calculator can also help determine cubic feet if the room has an irregular shape.
4. Can an air purifier be too powerful?
Overpowered air purifiers are not necessarily better. Excessively strong fans can stir up pollutants and create noise. Find an air purifier matched to the room’s size.
5. Do air purifiers use a lot of electricity?
Air purifiers vary in energy use, but an efficient unit sized for the space generally costs just pennies per day to run. Larger and oversized purifiers use more electricity.
6. How often should I change the filter?
Most filters should be changed every 6-12 months. Check your model’s specs, as some have indicators to alert you when the filter needs replacement.
7. Can air purifiers reduce airborne viruses?
Air purifiers with HEPA filters can reduce airborne viruses and fine particles. However, additional precautions like masks and ventilation are still important.
For complete details on choosing and using an air purifier for your needs, visit the EPA guide to air cleaners.
Can a dehumidifier dehydrate you? Everything you need to know
Using a dehumidifier can potentially lead to dehydration if the humidity levels in your home become too low. Here’s what you need to know about dehumidifiers and dehydration.
How dehumidifiers work
Dehumidifiers remove moisture from the air by pulling air through an evaporator coil, which condenses the moisture into water that collects in a tank. The dehumidified air is then released back into the room at a lower humidity level.
Ideal humidity levels
The ideal indoor humidity range for health and comfort is generally between 30-50%. Below 30%, the air becomes too dry and can lead to dehydration symptoms like dry skin, sinus irritation, itchy eyes, and more.
Risk of dehydration
Using a dehumidifier reduces humidity, so there is a risk of dehydration if the humidity drops too low. Factors that increase dehydration risk include:
Running a dehumidifier continuously or at very high settings
Using a dehumidifier in a small, enclosed space
Failing to drink enough water daily
Certain health conditions like asthma or allergies
Preventing dehydration
To avoid dehydration from a dehumidifier:
Use a hygrometer to monitor humidity and keep levels between 30-50%
Run the dehumidifier only when needed to control humidity
Drink plenty of water throughout the day
Use a humidifier to add moisture back if needed
Treat any medical conditions contributing to dehydration
Signs of dehydration
Watch for these signs that humidity may be too low:
Thirst
Fatigue
Dry skin or irritated sinuses
Headaches
Dizziness
Dark yellow urine
If you experience these, turn off the dehumidifier and drink plenty of water. Add moisture back into the air with a humidifier if needed.
FAQ
Is it bad to run a dehumidifier all the time?
Yes, running a dehumidifier continuously can lower humidity too much and lead to dehydration symptoms. It’s best to use a hygrometer and only run it as needed to control humidity.
What humidity level is too low?
Indoor humidity below 30% is generally considered too low. At this level, dehydration symptoms may occur.
Do dehumidifiers dry out your skin?
Yes, very dry air from a dehumidifier can cause dry, itchy skin. Keeping humidity between 30-50% helps prevent this.
Can dehumidifiers cause sinus problems?
Low humidity can irritate sinuses and worsen sinus symptoms. Use a hygrometer to keep humidity above 30% to help prevent sinus irritation.
Should you run a humidifier and dehumidifier at the same time?
You can, but take care not to over-humidify or over-dehumidify. Monitor humidity levels and adjust each appliance as needed.
What is the ideal humidity for sleeping?
The ideal sleeping humidity is 30-50%. Too dry and it can affect sleep quality and health.
Can dehydration cause anxiety?
Yes, dehydration can cause anxiety symptoms like increased heart rate, dizziness, and restlessness. Be sure to stay hydrated.
The bottom line
Dehumidifiers can potentially lead to dehydration if humidity drops too low. Monitor levels with a hygrometer and drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated. Adjust dehumidifier settings and use a humidifier as needed to keep humidity within a comfortable 30-50%.
Learn more about ideal humidity levels from the EPA.
Discovering mold in your home can be worrying. Mold can damage your possessions, impact your health, and be costly to remove. Often, mold is hidden behind walls or under materials where it can’t be seen. One common way mold gets covered up is by painting over it. Painting over mold might seem like an easy fix, but it doesn’t actually get rid of the mold or stop it from spreading. Here’s how to tell if mold has been painted over in your home.
Signs Mold Has Been Painted Over
There are a few key signs that can indicate mold has been painted over rather than properly removed:
Paint discoloration or bubbling. Mold can cause paint to change color, often showing up as dark spots or patches. It may also cause paint to bubble up or peel away. This happens because mold eats away at the paint and causes it to separate from the surface underneath.
Musty odors. Mold has a characteristic musty, earthy smell. If you smell this odor in an area that seems freshly painted, it could mean mold was painted over rather than remediated.
Recurring mold. If the same area develops mold again after being painted over, it likely means mold was not fully removed before painting. Mold can continue to grow under paint and eventually make its way through.
Moisture issues. Common moisture issues like leaks, flooding, or excess humidity can feed mold growth. If known moisture problems are present along with other signs of paint over mold, it’s very likely mold is present under the paint.
Allergy symptoms. Allergies, asthma, and other respiratory complaints can be signs of a hidden mold problem. If you experience allergy symptoms in the area of suspicious paint even after it’s been painted over, mold may be lurking underneath.
Dangers of Painting Over Mold
Why is it so important to fully remove mold rather than simply painting over it? Painting over mold may seem like a quick and affordable short-term fix, but it comes with major risks.
Hazardous spores can spread. Mold releases tiny spores that contain allergens and irritants. Painting over mold won’t contain the spores – they can still spread through the air to other areas. This continues your exposure.
Mold may come back quickly. Mold can eat through paint because mold needs moisture to thrive. Painting provides moisture condensation underneath, encouraging the mold’s return.
Hidden mold growth is harder to address. Covered up mold is more likely to spread out of sight before being caught. This makes addressing the source of moisture feeding it and fully killing the mold more difficult.
Structural damage can worsen. Left unchecked, expanding mold growth under paint can eventually cause wood rot, weaken drywall, and lead to costly structural issues.
Health risks increase. Breathing in mold spores over time can cause respiratory infections, trigger allergy and asthma symptoms, and worsen chronic conditions like lung disease.
For these reasons, painting over mold provides only the illusion of a fix. Properly identifying and remediating any mold is critical.
Inspecting for Mold Under Paint
If you suspect paint may be hiding mold, a professional inspection is recommended. Mold testing specialists have the expertise and tools to identify mold behind paint and building materials. Here are some methods they may use:
Moisture meter: A moisture meter can detect excess moisture in walls and other materials that may be feeding mold growth. High moisture readings suggest mold may be present.
Borescope: A small camera on the end of a flexible tube, known as a borescope, can be inserted into walls or under materials to visually look for mold.
Dye staining: Stains that react with mold can be applied to painted areas to indicate the presence of mold under the surface.
Bulk/surface sampling: Small samples of building materials may be collected and sent to a lab to test for mold. Swab or tape samples can also be taken from surfaces.
Air sampling: Air quality samples can detect elevated mold spore levels, which may indicate hidden mold reservoirs.
These methods allow inspectors to pinpoint areas affected by mold growth and determine if paint has been applied over mold. This helps guide full mold remediation.
Safely Removing Mold from Under Paint
If you confirm that paint has been applied over mold, professional mold remediation is advised. Here are general guidelines mold removal experts may follow to eliminate the mold problem:
Isolate the affected area from the rest of the home using plastic sheeting. This helps prevent spores from spreading during the process.
Remove all materials where mold growth has been detected. This may involve stripping down to the studs in severe cases. Properly dispose of moldy porous materials that can’t be adequately cleaned.
Clean and dry any surfaces free of mold using detergent and water or EPA-registered antimicrobial products. Completely dry all areas, as moisture feeds mold growth.
Make any necessary repairs to eliminate moisture sources like leaks that allowed mold to form. Improving ventilation may also be needed.
Apply mold-inhibiting paints or primers to treated areas before rebuilding. These help prevent mold from recurring.
Proper containment, removal, and disposal protocols ensure mold growth is eliminated and your health protected. Always have professionals do this hazardous work, especially for large infestations.
Preventing Mold from Developing Under Paint
To avoid dealing with paint over mold again, prevention is key. Here are some tips to help keep your home mold-free:
Maintain low indoor humidity, ideally between 30-50%. Use dehumidifiers, exhaust fans, and air conditioning as needed.
Act quickly to clean up spills, condensation, and leaks. Don’t let excess moisture linger.
Improve airflow by ventilating attics, keeping HVAC drip pans clean, and using fans in humid areas like laundry rooms or bathrooms.
Insulate cold surfaces like pipes and exterior walls to reduce condensation that allows mold to form.
Routinely check for hidden leaks, including inside walls or under floors and ceilings where moisture may accumulate unnoticed.
Clean bathrooms with mold-killing products and keep grout and caulk in tile areas fresh.
Catching and addressing moisture issues right away keeps mold from taking hold in your home. Pay attention to any musty odors or allergy symptoms and inspect paint regularly for early signs of mold. Taking proactive anti-mold measures will help ensure you never have to deal with paint over mold again.
Frequently Asked Questions About Painting Over Mold
Many homeowners have additional questions about the risks of painting over mold. Here are answers to 7 common FAQs.
1. Is it OK to just paint over a small amount of mold?
No, you should never paint over any amount of mold. Even if you only see a small patch, mold may exist elsewhere out of sight. Painting over it traps moisture and allows the mold to continue spreading while hidden. Always fully remove and remediate even small areas of mold growth.
2. Can I use regular paint to cover mold?
Regular paint should never be used over mold, as it won’t contain the growth. At minimum, a mold-inhibiting primer should be applied after remediation before repainting. Hiring professionals to treat mold contamination is highly recommended.
3. What are signs my painted over mold is coming back?
Recurrences of paint discoloration, musty odors, allergy flare ups, and visible mold growth in the same area may all indicate mold is continuing to fester and spread under the paint. Moisture issues in the area also raise concerns that mold problems remain.
4. Can I paint over mold on wood or drywall?
No, porous materials like wood and drywall that contain mold need to be properly removed and disposed of. It’s generally not possible to fully clean away mold below the surface on these types of building materials. New, mold-free materials will need to replace any that contained hidden mold growth.
5. Why does mold make paint bubble?
Mold produces enzymes that break down paint polymers and binders. This causes the paint to lose adhesion and separates it from the surface below, resulting in bubbling, cracking, and peeling. It’s a clear sign mold is active and growing underneath the paint.
6. Can mold smell travel through paint?
Yes, the musty or earthy odor produced by mold can pass through latex and oil-based paints. If you smell a moldy stench in an area that has been recently painted, mold may have been painted over and could still be present.
7. Does mold eat away at paint over time?
Mold consumes and digests paint, using it as a food source. Mold enzymes break down paint polymers while mold hyphae physically penetrate the coating. This eventually causes paint applied over mold to fail as the mold eats through it from underneath.
The Dangers of Painting Over Mold
Mold can seem like a manageable problem to tackle yourself, but covering it up with paint does more harm than good. Painting over mold allows hidden growth to continue, eventually resulting in a much larger and more hazardous infestation. Don’t take risky shortcuts – always have mold properly inspected and removed by trained professionals at the first signs of a problem. Investing in thorough mold remediation will provide true peace of mind that this health hazard has been eliminated in your home.
Here are some useful resources for more information on identifying and removing mold:
Why Does Air Conditioning Make Me Sneeze And What Can I Do About It?
Air conditioning is supposed to keep us cool and comfortable, but for some people, it has the unfortunate side effect of causing sneezing fits. If you find yourself sniffling and sneezing every time you turn on the AC, you’re not alone. Many people experience allergy-like symptoms from air conditioning due to a variety of factors. Read on to learn why air conditioning makes you sneeze and what you can do to reduce or prevent AC-induced sneezing.
Why Does Air Conditioning Make Me Sneeze?
There are a few potential causes for sneezing when the AC is on:
Dry air – Air conditioners cool air by removing moisture, which can dry out your nasal passages and stimulate sneezing.
Dust – Air ducts and vents can accumulate dust and pollen over time, which then get blown around when the AC turns on.
Mold – Excess moisture from air conditioning systems can promote mold growth, and mold spores get distributed through the vents.
Chemical irritants – Some people may be sensitive to the refrigerants or lubricants used in AC systems.
Sudden temperature change – Going from hot outdoor air to a heavily air conditioned room can shock your system and cause sneezing.
If you only sneeze when directly in front of a vent, it’s likely due to blasts of cold, dry air or irritants blown directly at you. But if you sneeze frequently whenever the AC is running, regardless of where you are, you may have generalized sensitivity to one of the factors mentioned above.
Tips to Reduce Air Conditioning Sneezing
While you can’t fully prevent AC-related sneezing without avoiding air conditioning altogether, you can take steps to minimize it:
Use a dehumidifier – Adding moisture back into the air can help counteract the drying effect of air conditioning.
Change filters frequently – Replace AC filters once a month to reduce dust buildup.
Clean vents – Wipe down vents to eliminate dust and mold.
Adjust vents – Direct vents away from you to avoid direct blasts of air.
Close windows – Keep windows closed when AC is on so pollen and outdoor irritants stay outside.
Take allergy medication – Antihistamines can help control sneezing from allergic reactions.
Use a saline spray – Saline nasal spray moisturizes nasal passages and washes out irritants.
Wear a mask – Wearing a face mask filters out some triggers.
Use a portable air purifier – An air purifier near you can remove irritants.
Gradually adjust – When going from hot to cold, give your body time to slowly acclimate.
Trial and error may be needed to pinpoint which solutions help you most. Be sure to give each strategy 2-3 weeks to work before trying another. If sneezing persists despite your best efforts, talk to an allergist about prescription medication options.
When to See a Doctor About Air Conditioning Sneezing
Occasional sneezing from air conditioning is normal, but seek medical advice if:
Sneezing is severe and consistent whenever AC is on
Sneezing persists despite trying various remedies
Other allergy symptoms occur too like itchy eyes, runny nose, coughing, or wheezing
You have difficulty breathing during AC-induced sneezing fits
A doctor can help identify if you have underlying allergies or sensitivities exacerbated by air conditioning. They may recommend medications like antihistamines, nasal steroid sprays, or immunotherapy. For severe cases, they may suggest further evaluation by an allergist.
When to Call a Professional About Your Air Conditioning
If you’ve ruled out medical causes or have those under control but sneezing from the AC continues, your air conditioning system itself may be the culprit. Signs it’s time to call an HVAC professional include:
Musty odors coming from vents
Excess humidity in the home
Visible mold growth around vents or insulation
Water dripping from vents
Ice buildup on cooling coils
Frequently clogged filters
Any of these issues can allow mold, bacteria, or other irritants to grow and get blown into your home’s air. An HVAC technician can inspect for underlying problems, clean your ductwork, sanitize your system, and make any necessary repairs.
FAQ About Air Conditioning and Sneezing
Why does air conditioning make me sneeze but not other people?
Some people are just more prone to sneezing from air conditioning due to inherently sensitive nasal passages or undiagnosed allergies. Older AC units or ductwork may also harbor more dust or mold.
Are AC-related sneezes seasonal?
Sneezing from air conditioning often gets worse during peak allergy seasons when more pollen, mold, and irritants are in the outdoor air being pulled inside. This causes more reaction when those particles get blown directly at you.
Why does my AC make me sneeze at night specifically?
As pollen counts and outdoor irritants rise through the day, air conditioning circulates more of those particles through your home’s air at night. Lying flat also allows nasal drainage to accumulate and further irritate your nose.
Can new AC units cause sneezing?
Yes, new AC units can actually stir up more dust and irritants at first as they disturb any buildup in your ducts from construction or the previous system. Sneezing usually improves after a few weeks of regular use.
Does turning up my AC make sneezing worse?
Yes, setting your AC to higher cooling levels removes more moisture from the air, which can further dry out and irritate nasal passages. Keep temperatures moderately cool.
Should I get a whole-home humidifier?
Portable room humidifiers are usually sufficient. Whole-home humidifiers cost more to install and maintain, and improper humidity levels promote indoor mold growth.
Can I be allergic to my AC itself?
It’s rare, but some people are allergic to components used in AC manufacturing like metals, lubricants, or rubber. This causes year-round sneezing only when directly exposed to the AC airflow.
When should I replace my AC unit?
If your air conditioner is over 10 years old and you have chronic sneezing issues, replacement may be worthwhile. Newer systems have better filtration to remove allergens from the air.
The Bottom Line
Air conditioning is meant to provide comfort, not cause sneezing fits. But for some sensitive individuals, AC can induce allergy-like symptoms. Try the tips provided in this article to minimize air conditioning sneezes. Talk to your doctor if symptoms persist or worsen over time. Identifying and treating the underlying cause, whether it’s allergies, chronic sinus issues, or problems with your HVAC system, is key to finding relief.
Protecting Yourself from Asbestos on Shoes
Protecting Yourself from Asbestos on Shoes
Frequently Asked Questions
Considerations for Effectiveness
When to See the Vet
Dehumidifier Capacity
Safer Alternatives to Ionized Air Purifiers
Other Considerations
Preventing dehydration
Frequently Asked Questions About Painting Over Mold
When to Call a Professional About Your Air Conditioning